The Environmental Division of Joseph and Gionis, LLC, (Newport Beach, California; Dubai, UAE) has a wide range of effective state-of-the-art technologies and methodologies which are currently in use to address devastating environmental hazards throughout the world. One such environmental concern is the fuel efficiency and hazardous pollutants associated with power plant operations – whether such power plants consist of oil refineries, desalination plants, electrical power plants, or seagoing merchant and commercial passenger vessels. Taking a lead global role in increasing fuel efficiency while at the same time dramatically reducing hazardous emissions and pollutants is Joseph and Gionis’ e-Power Bunker Fuel®.

Key features of the Joseph and Gionis’ e-Power Bunker Fuel® include the following:

• e-Power Bunker Fuel® is a carefully balanced blend of synthetic additives and catalysts inclusive of esters specially formulated to be used in the power plants of oil refineries, electrical generating or desalination plants, or seagoing merchant and commercial passenger vessels which improve fuel stability, cleans and maintains the entire fuel system and its component parts, controls corrosion and deposits, and provide lubrication for moving parts with the operating fuel systems - while demonstrably - and dramatically - decreasing toxic emissions.
• e-Power Bunker Fuel® greatly reduces unburned hydrocarbons, carbon monoxide, sulfur dioxide, opacity and particulate matter - resulting in enhanced fuel efficient systems, functioning under greater optimum conditions and emitting fewer toxins into the atmosphere - all resulting in fuel operating systems with significantly less down-time.
• Use of e-Power Bunker Fuel® provides a 70% - 99% minimum Reduction in un-burnt Carbon; a 10% minimum Reduction in NOx emission along with Reduction in Sulfuric emissions; AND Use of e-Power Bunker Fuel® results in the Reduction of fuel consumption 10-22% (through extracting more BTUs from the Sulfur and other components of fuel oil, thus reducing fuel consumption).
• Use of e-Power Bunker Fuel® Reduces fouling and corrosion of boiler components (Super Heaters, Re-Heaters, Economizers, Rotary Air Heaters elements) in order to maintain a normal operation period between two annual shut downs. Since e-Power Bunker Fuel® protects boilers from fouling and corrosion - the result is improved operational efficiency & greater environmental impact of safer exhaust gases.

Joseph and Gionis’ e-Power Bunker Fuel® is a proven, tested and effective additive concentrate for use in residual fuels – it is a well balanced mixture of components designed for heavy petroleum fuels. e-Power Bunker Fuel® is recommended for use to reduce emissions and improve performance in all equipment utilizing residual fuels – it has been specifically been proven effective in power plants and fuel refineries.

With the use of e-Power Bunker Fuel® fuel use is stabilized, entire fuel-power systems are maintained cleaner - thereby reducing downtime, reducing corrosion, reducing residual deposits, increasing lubrication for moving components – and radically decreasing toxic emissions. Operational performance, fuel storage stability, corrosive inhibition, optimization of control of water in fuels, and reliability is enhanced – and e-Power Bunker Fuel® is directly responsible for dramatic fuel savings and dramatic changes in fuel-exhaust toxic emissions. The effect of e-Power Bunker Fuel® on the notable decrease in Hot corrosion (Vanadium related), cold corrosion, and decrease in large agglomerations (Carbon, Sulfur, metals, and sediments) is particularly noteworthy – which enhances power plant and fuel refinery operational efficiency.

With respect to application to boilers, the objectives of use of the Joseph and Gionis e-Power Bunker Fuel® include the following:

1. e-Power Bunker Fuel® protects boilers from fouling and corrosion and improve efficiency & environmental impact of the exhaust gases.
2. e-Power Bunker Fuel® reduces fouling by the action of the Asphaltenes which will produce a more complete combustion and eliminate black smoke from the stacks.
3. e-Power Bunker Fuel® system improves fuel atomization and morphology of fuel ash using emulsion and magnesium oxide.
4. e-Power Bunker Fuel® uses naphtha and aromatic hydrocarbons to improve atomization and magnesium carboxylates to eliminate both hot and cold corrosion.
5. e-Power Bunker Fuel® increase the melting point of ash and neutralize sulfur trioxide at the pre-heater and reduces NOx and pm, through its effect on magnesium content during both hot and cold corrosion.
6. e-Power Bunker Fuel® reduces fouling and high temperature corrosion from vanadium.
7. The use of e-Power Bunker Fuel® shall assure a 40% min. reduction in un-burnt carbon, 10% min. reduction in NOx, increase ash PH at the air heater to >4.0 and free acidity(H2SO4) reduction min., reduction of the flu gas temps. by 200-300 C. and a reduction in fouling and corrosion of boiler components.
8. e-Power Bunker Fuel® can extract more BTUs from the sulfur and other components of fuel oil, thus reducing fuel consumption between 15-18% depending on existing circumstances.
9. e-Power Bunker Fuel® reduction in unburned CO can exceed 70% (typically close to 99%) which will make a significant change to the environmental impact of power plants, fuel refineries, and distillation stations.

Applications & Operations
e-Power Bunker Fuel® is optimized for use in external combustion systems such as boilers and turbines. e-Power Bunker Fuel® is used to clean dirty fuel systems and combustion chambers. Specifically, e-Power Bunker Fuel® is used in power plants of oil refineries, desalination plants, electrical power plants, or seagoing merchant and commercial passenger vessels.

Fuel Storage Stability
Fuel storage stability is crucial in the utilization of residual fuels. The basis to efficient fuel use is stability in storage.

e-Power Bunker Fuel® contains various special concentrations of inhibitors to improve oxidation and color stability, thus preventing the formation of deposits in the fuel and in the storage system. By minimizing fuel deposits, the life of fuel filters in the system is extended – and – power plant operations remain efficient, economic and with toxic emissions.

One way in which e-Power Bunker Fuel® addresses fuel operations is by addressing the fact that the growth of bacteria may occasionally lead to fuel problems. This occurs as a result of water accumulating in the fuel which then provides an ideal situs for bacterial growth. e-Power Bunker Fuel® disperses the water into the fuel slowly, causing the water to be burned-off. Thus, when this is accomplished, bacteria can not reproduce and the problem is eliminated.

Corrosion Inhibition
e-Power Bunker Fuel® contains an effective rust and corrosive inhibitors to prevent and prevent and control corrosion in storage tanks and fuel systems. Use of e-Power Bunker Fuel® For instance has evidenced effectives through testing via the Dynamic Test Method ASTM-D-665, the Static Immersion Rust Test and the Machined Cup Rust Test.

Water Controls
e-Power Bunker Fuel® has been carefully formulated, tested and proven to provide for optimum control of water in fuels. Actual testing has demonstrated that e-Power Bunker Fuel® will solubilize small amounts of water in the fuel – and actually encapsulates microns of water in the fuel.

Dispersancy & Dispersion
e-Power Bunker Fuel® contains an extremely tried, tested, proven and effective dispersant system. e-Power Bunker Fuel® will clean and control deposits in storage tanks and distribution systems and eliminate problems associated with fuel incompatibility. Insoluble residues that precipitate and cause filter clogging will be – eliminated through the use of e-Power Bunker Fuel®.

e-Power Bunker Fuel® and Residual Oil Additive
Bunker fuel is also called residual fuel or "resid". "Bunkers" was a term coined and used by the United States navy initially which referred to the storage tanks used aboard ships. Residual fuel is more definitive in that it accurately describes fuel that is the “residue” which remains after the oil processors have extracted all the saleable fractions from crude oil as it comes from the ground (e.g., gasoline, diesel, kerosene, motor oils, etc.). The residuals, or bottoms, as they are sometimes called, consist of a complex mixture that fuel refineries sell as fuel used in boilers and turbines to generate power. As can be imagined this fuel will vary depending on the geographic location of the oil wells from where it originated. In general it is composed of hydrocarbons of all types as well as dirt, water and up to 5% sulfur and small amounts of sodium, vanadium and other metals combined chemically.

Basically there are six (6) types of bunker fuel. These are classified according to viscosities (flow characteristics). The thickest is number six, which is solid at room temperature and needs to be heated to be able to pump. Number one is very fluid and readily pumps. The fluidity is similar to kerosene. Number three and four lie in between the above and may be pumped at room temperature depending on the climate conditions.

e-Power Bunker Fuel® has dramatic, tested and proven effects upon the problems of fuel, fuel operations and the various corrosive effects therefrom.

Corrosion Resulting From Bunker Fuels

HOT corrosion (Vanadium related)
This type of corrosion initiates from the Vanadium in the fuel which forms a low melt glaze during combustion with other metals in the fuel like sodium, aluminum, iron, as well as sulfur and oxygen. These low melt glasslike compounds (eutectics) not only corrode equipment but prevent heat transfer to water in tubes. Additionally these low-melt compounds form a hard glaze when they cool that make cleaning very difficult.

These corrosive vanadium compounds reduce efficiency in heat transfer, resulting in lost BTU's and a more costly power output.

Testing results using e-Power Bunker Fuel® has evidenced that at the correct dosage and specifications, this corrosion can be prevented. e-Power Bunker Fuel® creates a Vanadium-compound during combustion that has a higher melting point, is friable (soft and fluffy) and is non-corrosive and easily cleaned by blowing air or flushing with water – accordingly, fuel operations and efficiency are maximized.

Cold corrosion
This type of corrosion results from the sulfur in the fuel oxidizing (burning) to sulfur oxides. When gaseous sulfur tri-oxide is formed and combines with moisture, sulfuric acid (H2SO4) is formed. When this condensation occurs inside the firebox, all metals exposed can be corroded. Beyond the stacks, the finely formed sulfuric acid enters the atmosphere and is carried by the winds to be precipitated as acid rain. The corrosion on all metals and construction materials of this compound has been well documented.

The use of e-Power Bunker Fuel® has been proven to minimize this corrosive formation by neutralizing the sulfur compounds. Neutralization produces a harmless salt that not only prevents destructive corrosion but also aids in forming a compound more easily cleanable or trapped by stack filters or precipitators.

Asphaltenes
Large agglomerations of carbon, sulfur, metals and sediments remain in the fuel after processing and remain in the fuel when delivered to storage. These particulates tend to be gummy and are a source of numerous problems effecting plant operations and efficiency. For instance, these agglomerations will clog pre-filters when pumped to the burners. If the pre-filters capture the larger particles the smaller particles are still a problem with the orifices at the burners. These particles interfere with the even distribution of fuel and cause an erratic burn. Some of the particulates do not combust completely and exit the stacks – in addition to being associated with a loss of BTU’s – this leads to toxic environmental emissions.

e-Power Bunker Fuel® specifically treats the fuel as it is being delivered and will greatly reduce these agglomerations, to a size that reduce pre-filter clogging and deliver a more uniform fuel to the burners. This in turn will give a more complete combustion and eliminate the black smoke from exiting the stacks – and thereby lead to less toxic environmental emissions and greater and more effective and efficient fuel and plant operations.

Power Plant / Fuel Refinery Maintenance
All the above discussed problems increase expenditures of maintenance – decrease efficiency – and increase toxic environmental emissions. The cost of labor for cleaning and downtime of expensive equipment must be calculated in fuel expense costs.

e-Power Bunker Fuel® provides a more efficient burn with less corrosion – thereby increasing plant operations and decreasing environmental toxic emissions. This will extend equipment life and help to conform to mandated regulations, as well as contribute to a friendlier environment. The production of power in a world where fuel cost is constantly increasing due to shortages and increased demands should not be overlooked – and neither can the increase in toxic environmental emissions associated with inefficient fuel burn be overlooked.