One of the concerns of the Environmental Engineering Division of Joseph and Gionis, LLC is that of preserving the world’s supply of water – and making water more usable throughout the world. Accordingly, Joseph and Gionis utilizes state- of-the-art patented technology to significantly engage in international projects concerning the Environment. With respect to waste water management and water purification, Joseph and Gionis uses an integrated approach utilizing multiple modalities – they primarily include Floccin,™ electro-coagulation, and mechanical separation – depending on the nature and complexities of the project at hand.

The Environmental Engineering Division of Joseph and Gionis, LLC, heavily utilizes specific pre-treatment testing and analysis conducted by our Engineers which is critically important in devising the proper waste-water treatment system. That is, the our use of various tailored systems and processes may be subject to modification and amendment based upon:

1. the specific needs of a project and its desired output result;
2. Joseph and Gionis’ own EPA laboratory testing of samples of water to be performed in the United States (which is a MANDATORY requirement of Joseph and Gionis agreeing to undertake an instillation of any waste-water based treatment system); and,
3. actual onsite testing results and laboratory verification of periodic testing conducted concurrently with the implementation of any waste-water based treatment system.

For instance, such modifications or amendments which might be considered by the Environmental Engineering Division of Joseph and Gionis, LLC, could conceivably include additional implementation of electro-coagulation systems, additional implementation of mechanical separation systems, post disinfection using UV radiation (as it does not add to the TDS/EC levels), etc. etc.

Thus, the Environmental Engineering Division of Joseph and Gionis, LLC, utilizes several basic initial foundational systems and processes which are specifically designed and integrated so as to extract and treat contaminated water collections. The extent of use of the following methodologies are dependent upon the specific project and project requirements. The following information is presented for general informational purposes; the extent of any particular methodology or process used, if at all, will be dependent upon initial analysis and evaluation of the particular specific project with which Joseph and Gionis, LLC, is asked to become engaged with. Such initial analysis is conducted by the Engineers of the Joseph and Gionis Environmental Engineering Division.

Floccin
A key component of any detoxification and waste-water treatment program which the Environmental Engineering Division of Joseph and Gionis, LLC, designs, includes a unique product known as Floccin™ - this will generally be uniquely beneficial.

Floccin™: Wastewater – Contaminated – Toxic Water Treatment Program

• Floccin™ is a proprietary technology with a broad treatment spectrum that replaces traditional chemistry, is non-hazardous, simplifies treatment processes while being much more cost effective. The flocculants are based on natural products and utilize both positive and negative charges in the flocculant to bind to contaminates in waste-water or contaminated / toxic water.
• Floccin™ effectively makes the sludge environmentally benign rendering environmental compliance much easier. Floccin™ consists of a line of flocculating agents custom designed to remove most contaminants from waste-water such as: Oil refinery spills and sludge * BOD * TSS * Heavy metals * Inks, Pigments and Dyes * Emulsified Fats, Oil and Grease * Phosphates * Significantly reduces TDS and EC's
• Because the Floccin Agents™ encapsulate the contaminants in strong Floc, producing a waste sludge that easily dewaters; the treated water can often be reused for industrial uses or agricultural uses or be Safely discharged directly to sewer; or be turned into potable drinking water.
• Floccin™ are superior in effectiveness to traditional waste-water treatment through the following means: *Reduced Quantity of Chemicals *Reduced Costs *Enhanced BOD/TSS Removal *Reduced Impact on TDS/EC *Works Over Broader pH Ranges (4 to 12) * Increased Settling Rates *Increased Hydraulic Capacity *Increased Floc Size *Improved Floc Shear and Mixing *Heavy Metals Removal * Sludge Leachability Tests

• BOD
• TSS
• Heavy metal
• Inks, Pigments and Dyes
• Emulsified Fats, Oil and Grease
• Phosphates
• Helps reduce TDS and EC's vs. other chemistries

• Reduced Quantity of Chemicals
• Reduced Costs
• Enhanced BOD/TSS Removal
• Reduced Impact on TDS/EC
• Works Over Broader pH Ranges (4 to 12)
• Increased Settling Rates
• Increased Hydraulic Capacity
• Increased Floc Size
• Improved Floc Shear and Mixing
• Heavy Metals Removal
• Sludge Leachability Tests

Analyte* Untreated Treated Antimony .087 <.01 Arsenic 0.35 <0.13 Barium 0.68 <0.01 Cadmium 0.14 <0.02 Chromium 8.929 <0.03 Cobalt 1.1 <0.01 Copper 40.850 0.190 Lead 0.690 <0.01 Mercury 0.76 <0.01 Molybdenum 4.218 0.450 Nickel 10.310 <0.05 Slenium 0.938 <0.16 Silver 0.198 0.021 Tin 1.874 0.12 Titanium 0.997 <0.002 Vanadium 0.213 <0.05 Zinc 18.080 <0.05 *Units are in mg/L

The Integrated Engineers blended flocculating agents perform multiple treatment with one product. The blends are designed to break emulsified oils as well as encapsulate the heavy metals or entrained oil in a strong floc. All products come in a convenient granular form that virtually eliminates irritating dust. Where the granular form does not work in the waste stream, a powder form is available. Additional benefits to you are that the Floccin™ products operate over a wide pH range, generate a high shear strength floc and sludge, require no additional chemistry to dewater, simplify the operations by using just 1 product, and reduce operating costs. There are many types of flocculants and flocculents including flocculant agents and flocculant chemicals. Flocculants are the chemicals or substances that facilitate flocculation or floccing up of suspended solids in liquid, the resulting floc or wolly mass itself is called flocculent. Some common flocculants include: alum flocculant, anionic flocculant, cationic flocculant, chitosan flocculant, polyacrylamide flocculant, polymer flocculant and nalco flocculant.

The Environmental Engineering Division of Joseph and Gionis, LLC, has elected to use the unique product of Floccin over coagulants because of the distinct differences between them. Coagulants and flocculants are similar, however, a coagulant aids coagulation, not flocculation. Coagulation and Flocculation are essentially the same type of process, thickening or clumping (via charge neutralization). Coagulation is more of a thickening process, whereas flocculation is a clumping together of substances or encapsulation of substances that form flocculent and in waste-water treatment hopefully precipitate out of solution. Integrated Engineers Inc. is a flocculant manufacturer and flocculant mixer manufacturer and has a full line of complete proprietary flocculants known as Floccin™.

Floccin™ has been effectively utilized in hundreds of sites throughout the world in virtually all industrial sectors.

Electro-Coagulation
Another modality which the Environmental Engineering Division of Joseph and Gionis utilizes in waste-water management is that of electro-coagulation – but only in specialized and unique circumstances. The electro-coagulation process separate fine and colloidal solids as well as extermination of the bacterial colonies (bacterial colonies are removed at approximately a 99% rate of effective kill) from the water. The solids are pumped from the electro-coagulation process units to the Sludge Tank for sludge dewatering with the rest of the sludge. Often times, the waste-water management system is designed by our Engineers such that the effluent water from the electro-coagulation unit flows to a Joseph and Gionis mechanical separation system.

The electro-coagulation technology which Joseph and Gionis utilizes efficiently removes a wide range of contaminants with a single system. Traditional water treatment would require a different type of equipment to remove bacteria, silt, pesticides, heavy metals, and oil from water. This broad-spectrum treatment effect allows one system to remove multiple contaminates at the single contaminant equipment cost, space, and time.

The Environmental Engineering Division of Joseph and Gionis, LLC, has employs, at times, electro-coagulation because of its powerful capabilities – which – when included in the above described waste-water treatment include the following:

Removes heavy metals as oxides that pass TCLP

Removes suspended and colloidal solids

Breaks oil emulsions in water

Removes fats, oil, and grease

Removes complex organics

Destroys & removes bacteria, viruses & cysts

Satisfied Discharge Requirements

Reduces Sludge Volume

No use of Chemicals

Processes Multiple Contaminants

Processes Waste Streams with up to 5% solids.

Harvests Proteins, Oils, and Metals

Electro-Coagulation Distillation / Desalination
The Environmental Engineering Division of Joseph and Gionis, LLC has also implemented the elector-coagulation technology because, in part, of its potential use for distillation and desalination of water. In fact, ultra pure potable water can be produced from salt water without reverse osmosis brine water pollution, using vapor recompression distillation.

Vapor recompression distillation allows one to produce ultra pure water and marketable salt, without producing any harmful by products for the environment. Ultra pure potable water can be produced from salt water without reverse osmosis brine water pollution, using vapor recompression distillation for 0.15 KW per gallon of water produced. The sodium chloride is concentrated to a marketable concentration between 20 and 50% solids. This eliminates the reject stream of concentrated brine from reveres osmosis units that kill the wild life, plants, and fish in the discharge bays.

Traditional reverse osmosis desalination technology rejects up to 70% of the incoming saltwater stream. The salt concentrated rejected water is usually placed back into the bay or incoming water source, killing the plant and animal life with excess salt concentration. With vapor recompression distillation the salt is removed in a solid form between 20 and 50%. The salt can be packaged and sold for animal feed, water softeners, road de icing, etc or the concentrated salt can easily be shipped out to sea where the concentrated salt will not harm the coastal wildlife.

Electro-Coagulation Results
The results of electro-coagulation can be astonishing, dependent upon the initial analysis sample of liquid, the speed of water treatment anticipated, and type of effluent water which is desired. Typical results include the following percent (%) Removals:

Item	Raw Concentration	After Electrocoagulation	% Removal
Aldrin (pesticide)	0.063 mg/l	1.001 mg/l	98.40%
Aluminum	224.00 mg/l	0.69 mg/l	99.69%
Americium-241	71.99 pCi/L	0.57 pCi/L	99.20%
Arsenic	0.30 mg/l	<0.01 mg/l	96.70%
Bacteria	110,000,000 cfu	2,700 cfu	99.99%
Barium	0.0145 mg/l	<0.0010 mg/l	93.10%
Cadmium	0.0145 mg/l	<0.0040 mg/l	96.81%
Calcium	1,321.00 mg/l	21.40 mg/l	98.40%
Chlorieviphos (pesticide)	5.87 mg/l	0.03 mg/l	95.50%
Chromium	139.00 mg/l	<0.10 mg/l	99.92%
Cobalt	0.1238 mg/l	0.0214 mg/l	82.71%
Copper	0.7984 mg/l	<0.0020 mg/l	99.75%
Cypermethrin (pesticide)	1.30 mg/l	0.07 mg/l	94.60%
DDT (pesticide)	0.261 mg/l	<0.002 mg/l	99.20%
Diazinon (pesticide)	34.00 mg/l	0.21 mg/l	99.40%
E coli Bacteria	>2,419.2 mpn	0.0 mpn	99.99%
Iron	68.34 mg/l	0.1939 mg/l	99.72%
Lead	0.3497 mg/l	<0.0250 mg/l	92.85%
Lindane (pesticide)	0.143 mg/l	0.001 mg/l	99.30%
Magnesium	13.15 mg/l	0.0444 mg/l	99.66%
Manganese	1.061 mg/l	0.0184 mg/l	98.27%
Mercury	0.01 mg/l	<0.002 mg/l	66.60%
Molybdenum	0.18 mg/l	0.04 mg/l	80.60%
Nickel	183 mg/l	0.07 mg/l	99.96%
Nitrate	11.7 mg/l	2.6 mg/l	77.78%
Nitrite	21 mg/l	12 mg/l	42.86%
Nitrogen TKN	1,118.88 mg/l	59.08 mg/l	94.72%
Petroleum Hydrocarbons	72.5 mg/l	<0.2 mg/l	99.72%
Phosphate	28 mg/l	0.2 mg/l	99.28%
Plutonium-239	29.85 pCi/L	0.29 pCi/L	99.00%
Potassium	200 mg/l	110 mg/l	45.00%
Proptamphos (pesticide)	80.87 mg/l	0.36 mg/l	99.60%
Radium	1093.0 mg/l	0.1 mg/l	99.99%
Selenium	68 mg/l	38 mg/l	44.00%
Silicon	21.07 mg/l	0.10 mg/l	99.50%
Sulfate	104 mg/l	68 mg/l	34.61%
Tin	0.213 mg/l	<0.0200 mg/l	90.61%
Total Coliform Bacteria	>2,419.2 mpn	0.0 mpn	99.99%
Uranium	10.8 mg/l	0.1 mg/l	99.07%
Vanadium	0.2621 mg/l	<0.0020 mg/l	99.24%
Zinc	221.00 mg/l	0.14 mg/l	99.90%

Municipal Sewage From POTW Discharge Water
(002-156)	Raw	Treated	% Removal
BOD (mg/l)	1,050	14	99%+
TSS (mg/l)	4,620	7	99%+
Bacteria (cfu)	110,000,000	2,700	99%+
(002-179)	Raw	Treated	% Removal
BOD (mg/l)	79	0	99%+
TSS (mg/l)	12	6	99%+
(002-187)	Raw	Treated	% Removal
BOD (mg/l)	500	19	96%
TSS (mg/l)	3,245	14	99%+

The volume which the Electro-Coagulation technologies are able to maintain are between 100 gpm – 2000 gpm of liquid volume.

Mechanical Separation
As a final methodology option to be used in the treatment and detoxification of contaminated, toxic or waste-water, the Environmental Engineering Division of Joseph and Gionis, LLC, may elect to implement the technology of Mechanical Separation. The mechanical separation system provides further separation of solids from the water in the form of microfiltration. Typically, the solids are pumped into the Sludge Tank. The effluent water from the mechanical separation system is pumped into the Irrigation Water Storage Tank. The water in the Irrigation Water Storage Tank is then pumped to fields (for example) where it may be used for agricultural irrigation.

Mechanical Separation uses computer-controlled self-cleaning stainless steel separation systems which remove particles, minerals, or anything in solid form from production water. Like the electro-coagulation units, different modules of the Mechanical separation technology may be assembled to achieve a specific stated objective for cleaning various liquids and fluids.

The combination in the elements of the Mechanical Separation technology systems creates a molecular separation between water and solids which is accomplished utilizing these key steps: (1) processing the raw product through stainless, sintered steel filters and air pressure; (2) absolute filtration of solids to 0.05 microns; (3) configuring the process to “target” different water and solids depending on the size of the filter used and the amount of air pressure applied; (4) customizing each system to a small foot print which is energy efficient; (5) system design is fully integrated with pumps that are durable in many industries; (6) each system is scalable and modular, so large integrated systems can be built; maintenance is simplified through the self-cleaning function of the system, while it operates continuously under the management of field personnel.

The volume which the Mechanical Separation technologies are able to maintain are between 100 gpm – 2000 gpm of liquid volume.